Unveiling the silent voices of Gender Based Violence [GBV]: A glimpse of gender-based violence against men in Uganda

Abstract

This study examines gender-based violence (GBV) against men in Uganda, with particular attention to its forms, causes, and consequences. Guided by hegemonic masculinity theory, muted group theory, plus power and control theory, the study explores how dominant gender norms, discursive exclusion, and non-physical strategies of domination shape men’s experiences of abuse and contribute to its underreporting in Uganda. Using a narrative inquiry approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 Ugandan men aged 18 years and above who were married, divorced, or separated. Participants were selected using a combination of convenience and purposive sampling techniques. The data were analyzed thematically using MAXQDA 2020, resulting in three major themes: forms of GBV, causes of GBV, and consequences of GBV against men. Findings reveal that the primary causes of GBV against men include poverty, group pressure, adultery, family background, and female social support networks. The study further indicates that GBV against men manifests in multiple forms, including physical, sexual, verbal, psychological, and economic abuse. Consistent with power and control theory, many of these abuses were non-physical and aimed at exerting domination and control over male partners. The consequences of such violence included psychological trauma, financial losses, suicidal ideation, and marital separation. Hegemonic masculinity norms and muted group dynamics further emerged as key factors that silenced male victims, discouraged reporting, and limited institutional recognition of men as legitimate victims of GBV. These findings signify that GBV against men in Uganda is real, multifaceted, and underreported. It is driven by power dynamics and gender norms. A possible mitigation mechanism for GBV against men calls for inclusive policies, recognition, and responsive support systems nationally. The study recommends fair and inclusive hearings for all GBV victims, increased advocacy for men’s rights, expanded victim counseling services, and greater involvement of cultural and religious institutions in GBV prevention and response. To enhance awareness among policymakers and stakeholders, further research on GBV against men in Uganda and other global contexts is strongly recommended.