Innovation climate and innovation performance in manufacturing small and medium enterprises in the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area, Uganda: A developing country perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51867/AQSSR.2.4.72Keywords:
Innovation Climate, Innovation Performance, Manufacturing, Small and Medium EnterprisesAbstract
In today’s dynamic business environment, improving innovation performance is fundamental to the competitiveness and sustainability of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in manufacturing. Existing research supports the association between innovation climate and innovation performance; however, there is a limited understanding of this relationship in developing countries, such as Uganda. This study examined the influence of innovation climate on the innovation performance of manufacturing SMEs in the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA), Uganda, using the Componential Theory of Innovation and Creativity. This study employed a positivist paradigm and a quantitative explanatory research design to collect data from 326 SMEs in a population of 958. The data were collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire. SMEs were selected through proportionate stratified sampling, and respondents were selected purposively. Hierarchical regression was used for data analysis. Results indicate a positive, significant relationship between the innovation climate and innovation performance. This study contributes to the literature on innovation performance, specifically on internal organizational context antecedents. In practice, the findings may support owner-managers of SMEs and the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Cooperatives in improving the implementation of existing policies and practices in innovation management in manufacturing firms. This study therefore recommends that SME owners and managers empower employees and grant them autonomy to think innovatively for the firm without fear of failure to improve innovation performance.
References
Abdulai, A. F. (2019). Social capital and innovation performance in firms. In B. C. Thomas & L. J. Murphy (Eds.), Innovation and social capital in organizational ecosystems (pp. 81-97). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7721-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7721-8.ch005
Abisuga-Oyekunle, O. A., Patra, S. K., & Muchie, M. (2020). SMEs in sustainable development: Their role in poverty reduction and employment generation in sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 12(4), 405-419. https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2019.1656428 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2019.1656428
Afsar, B., & Umrani, W. A. (2020). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior: The role of motivation to learn, task complexity, and innovation climate. European Journal of Innovation Management, 23(3), 402-428.
https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-12-2018-0257 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-12-2018-0257
Alblooshi, M., Shamsuzzaman, M., & Haridy, S. (2021). The relationship between leadership styles and organisational innovation: A systematic literature review and narrative synthesis. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(2), 338-370.
https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-11-2019-0339 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-11-2019-0339
Almehairbi, K., Arunprasad, P., & El Hathat, Z. (2024). Role of open innovation and strategy on SMEs in Dubai: Review and theoretical framework. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 31(7), 2469-2493. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-04-2022-0234 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-04-2022-0234
Amabile, T. (2011). Componential theory of creativity (pp. 538-559). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School.
Amabile, T. M. (1988). A model of creativity and innovation in organizations. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummins (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behaviour (Vol. 10, pp. 123-167). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Amabile, T. M., & Pratt, M. G. (2016). The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: Making progress, making meaning. Research in Organizational Behavior, 36, 157-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001
Amabile, T. M., Hadley, C. N., & Kramer, S. J. (2002). Creativity under the gun. Harvard Business Review, 80, 52-61.
Anderson, N. R., & West, M. A. (1998). Measuring climate for work group innovation: Development and validation of the team climate inventory. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19(3), 235-258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199805)19:3<235::AID-JOB837>3.3.CO;2-3
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199805)19:3<235::AID-JOB837>3.0.CO;2-C DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199805)19:3<235::AID-JOB837>3.0.CO;2-C
Anderson, N., Potočnik, K., & Zhou, J. (2014). Innovation and creativity in organizations: A state-of-the-science review, prospective commentary, and guiding framework. Journal of Management, 40(5), 1297-1333. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314527128 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314527128
Anshari, M., & Almunawar, M. N. (2022). Adopting open innovation for SMEs and Industrial Revolution 4.0. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 13(2), 405-427. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-03-2020-0061 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-03-2020-0061
Atukunda, R. (2025, February 27). Manufacturing sector key to economic growth and employment, says Minister Mwebesa. Soft Power News. https://softpower.ug
Baer, M., & Frese, M. (2003). Innovation is not enough: Climates for initiative and psychological safety, process innovations, and firm performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(1), 45-68. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.179 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.179
Bamel, N., Kumar, S., Bamel, U., Lim, W. M., & Sureka, R. (2024). The state of the art of innovation management: Insights from a retrospective review of the European Journal of Innovation Management. European Journal of Innovation Management, 27(3), 825-850. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2022-0361 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2022-0361
Bharadwaj, S., & Menon, A. (2000). Making innovation happen in organizations: Individual creativity mechanisms, organizational creativity mechanisms or both? Journal of Product Innovation Management, 17(6), 424-434.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0737-6782(00)00057-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0737-6782(00)00057-6
Birungi, H., Mbidde, C. I., Mutunzi, A. K., & Kiwaala, Y. (2024). Entrepreneurial ecosystem pillars and performance of SMEs in the manufacturing sector of Uganda. Journal of Ethics in Entrepreneurship and Technology, 4(2), 145-173.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JEET-06-2024-0017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEET-06-2024-0017
Bridges, M. (2024, September 20). Nurturing innovation through componential theory of creativity. Medium. https://mark-bridges.medium.com/
Calabrese, L., Golooba-Mutebi, F., & Mendez-Parra, M. (2019). Industrial development in Uganda: An assessment of the policy framework. Supporting Economic Transformation (December Issue). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.24594.89285
De Massis, A., Audretsch, D., Uhlaner, L., & Kammerlander, N. (2018). Innovation with limited resources: Management lessons from the German Mittelstand. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 35(1), 125-146.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12373 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12373
Dey, P. K., Malesios, C., De, D., Budhwar, P., Chowdhury, S., & Cheffi, W. (2022). Circular economy to enhance sustainability of small and medium sized enterprises. In Supply chain sustainability in small and medium sized enterprises (pp. 10-45). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003018551-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003018551-2
Endris, E., & Kassegn, A. (2022). The role of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to the sustainable development of sub-Saharan Africa and its challenges: A systematic review of evidence from Ethiopia. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-022-00221-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-022-00221-8
Eton, M., Mwosi, F., Okello-Obura, C., Turyehebwa, A., & Uwonda, G. (2021). Financial inclusion and the growth of small medium enterprises in Uganda: Empirical evidence from selected districts in Lango sub-region. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-021-00168-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-021-00168-2
Farida, I., & Setiawan, D. (2022). Business strategies and competitive advantage: The role of performance and innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(3), 163. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030163
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Fuller, C. M., Simmering, M. J., Atinc, G., Atinc, Y., & Babin, B. J. (2016). Common methods variance detection in business research. Journal of Business Research, 69(8), 3192-3198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.008
Ganne, E., Imessaoudene, Z., & Lundquist, K. (2022). Small and medium manufacturing enterprise trade participation in developing economies: MSME research note #2. World Trade Organisation. https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/msmes_e/ersd_research_note2_msmes_in_developed_economies.pdf
Ghosh, K. (2015). Developing organizational creativity and innovation: Toward a model of self-leadership, employee creativity, creativity climate and workplace innovative orientation. Management Research Review, 38(11), 1126-1148.
https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-01-2014-0017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-01-2014-0017
Guloba, M. M., Sewanyana, S., Kakuru, M., & Rauschendorfer, J. (2021). Employment creation potential, labour skills requirements, and skill gaps for young people: A Ugandan case study. Economic Policy Research Centre, 37(37).
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hanifah, H., Abdul Halim, H., Ahmad, N. H., & Vafaei-Zadeh, A. (2019). Emanating the key factors of innovation performance: Leveraging on the innovation culture among SMEs in Malaysia. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 13(4), 559-587.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-04-2018-0130 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-04-2018-0130
Hoang, G., Wilson-Evered, E., & Lockstone-Binney, L. (2019). Leading innovation among tourism small and medium enterprises: Examining the mediating role of climate for innovation. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 40(5), 647-666. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-08-2018-0287 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-08-2018-0287
Holtom, B., Baruch, Y., Aguinis, H., & Ballinger, A. G. (2022). Survey response rates: Trends and a validity assessment framework. Human Relations, 75(8), 1560-1584.
https://doi.org/10.1177/00187267211070769 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00187267211070769
Hunter, S. T., Bedell, K. E., & Mumford, M. D. (2007). Climate for creativity: A quantitative review. Creativity Research Journal, 19(1), 69-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400410709336883 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10400410709336883
Hussainy, S. S. (2022). Organizational climate: From literature review to agenda ahead. International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research, 9(1), 44-62. https://doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v9.i1.2022.1107 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v9.i1.2022.1107
Jaiswal, N. K., & Dhar, R. L. (2015). Transformational leadership, innovation climate, creative self-efficacy, and employee creativity: A multilevel study. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 51, 30-41.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.07.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.07.002
Jia, C., Tang, X., & Kan, Z. (2020). Does the national innovation system in China support the sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) innovation? Sustainability, 12(6), 2562. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062562 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062562
Jia, X., Chen, J., Mei, L., & Wu, Q. (2018). How leadership matters in organizational innovation: A perspective of openness. Management Decision, 56(1), 6-25.
https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-04-2017-0415 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-04-2017-0415
Jjagwe, R., Kirabira, J. B., Mukasa, N., & Amanya, L. (2024). The drivers and barriers influencing the commercialization of innovations at research and innovation institutions in Uganda: A systemic, infrastructural, and financial approach. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 13(1), 78.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-024-00435-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-024-00435-y
Kahn, K. B. (2018). Understanding innovation. Business Horizons, 61(3), 453-460.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.01.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.01.011
Kakooza, J., Tusiime, I., Namiyingo, S., Nabwami, R., & Basemera, M. (2023). Business choice, location decision and success of small and medium enterprises in Uganda. Journal of Money and Business, 3(1), 108-121.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JMB-08-2022-0041 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JMB-08-2022-0041
Kankisingi, G. M., & Dhliwayo, S. (2022). Rewards and innovation performance in manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Sustainability, 14(3), 1737. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031737 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031737
Kaur, H., & Ferreira-Sutherland, V. (2024). Providing training to the employees when the change involves shift in technologies or processes. International Journal of Applied Business and Management Sciences, 9(2), 32-42.
KNBS. (2022). Economic survey 2022. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. https://www.knbs.or.ke/reports/2022-economic-survey/
Khalili, A. (2016). Linking transformational leadership, creativity, innovation, and innovation-supportive climate. Management Decision, 54(9), 2277-2293.
https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-03-2016-0196 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-03-2016-0196
Kiiru, D. K., Mukulu, E., & Ngatia, P. (2023). Innovativeness and performance: Evidence from Kenyan SMEs. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 8(2), 113-119. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.2.1810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.2.1810
Kireyeva, A., Nurbatsin, A., Yessentay, A., Bagayeva, N., & Sharbanu, T. (2021). Exploring determinants of innovation potential of enterprises in Kazakhstan. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(2), 433-443.
https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(2).2021.34 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(2).2021.34
Kwon, K., & Cho, D. (2016). How transactive memory systems relate to organizational innovation: The mediating role of developmental leadership. Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(5), 1025-1044.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-10-2015-0413 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-10-2015-0413
Lazaretti, K., Giotto, O. T., Sehnem, S., & Bencke, F. F. (2020). Building sustainability and innovation in organizations. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 27(7), 2166-2188. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-08-2018-0254 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-08-2018-0254
Le, P. B., & Lei, H. (2019). Determinants of innovation capability: The roles of transformational leadership, knowledge sharing and perceived organizational support. Journal of Knowledge Management, 23(3), 527-547.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-09-2018-0568 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-09-2018-0568
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Cooperatives. (2015). Uganda Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) Policy. https://www.mtic.go.ug/download/msme-policy-2015/
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Cooperatives. (2024). The state of entrepreneurship in Uganda-2024. https://www.mtic.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/
Mugisha, F. A., & Ijjo, A. T. (2022). Business innovations as pathways for small and medium manufacturing enterprise resilience in Kampala, Uganda. International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration, 1(1), 1-19. https://www.cavendish.ac.ug/wp-content/uploads/2022/09
National Business Association. (2024). The impact of small businesses on the United States economy. https://nationalbusiness.org (accessed May 4, 2024)
National Planning Authority. (2020). Annual performance report FY 2019/20. https://www.npa.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Annual-Report-FY-2019_20_compressed.pdf
Newman, A., Round, H., Wang, S., & Mount, M. (2020). Innovation climate: A systematic review of the literature and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 93(1), 73-109.
https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12283 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12283
Nor, A. I. (2024). Entrepreneurship development as a tool for employment creation, income generation, and poverty reduction for the youth and women. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(4), 19387-19410.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-01747-w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-01747-w
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). An overview of psychological measurement. In Clinical diagnosis of mental disorders: A handbook (pp. 97-146).
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2490-4_4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2490-4_4
OECD. (2005). Oslo Manual: The measurement of scientific and technological activities: Guidelines for collecting and interpreting innovation data (3rd ed.). OECD Publications.
Ogunmuyiwa, M. S., & Okunleye, B. A. (2019). Small and medium enterprises and sustainable economic development in Nigeria. Izvestiya: Journal of Varna University of Economics, 3.
Oke, A., Prajogo, D. I., & Jayaram, J. (2013). Strengthening the innovation chain: The role of internal innovation climate and strategic relationships with supply chain partners. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 49(4), 43-58.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12031
Olsson, A., Paredes, K. M., Johansson, U., Olander Roese, M., & Ritzén, S. (2019). Organizational climate for innovation and creativity: A study in Swedish retail organizations. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 29(3), 243-261. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593969.2019.1598470 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09593969.2019.1598470
Pamela, T., & Steven, M. F. (2002). Creative self-efficacy: Its potential antecedents and relationship to creative performance. Academy of Management Journal, 45(6), 1137-1148. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069429 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3069429
Parker, C. P., Baltes, B. B., Young, S. A., Huff, J. W., Altmann, R. A., Lacost, H. A., & Roberts, J. E. (2003). Relationships between psychological climate perceptions and work outcomes: A meta‐analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(4), 389-416. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.198 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.198
Patterson, M., Warr, P., & West, M. (2004). Organizational climate and company productivity: The role of employee affect and employee level. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(2), 193-216.
https://doi.org/10.1348/096317904774202144 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1348/096317904774202144
odsakoff, P. M., Podsakoff, N. P., Williams, L. J., Huang, C., & Yang, J. (2024). Common method bias: It's bad, it's complex, it's widespread, and it's not easy to fix. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 11(1), 17-61. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-110721-040030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-110721-040030
Popa, S., Soto-Acosta, P., & Martinez-Conesa, I. (2017). Antecedents, moderators, and outcomes of innovation climate and open innovation: An empirical study in SMEs. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 118, 134-142.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.02.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.02.014
Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M. G., & Macey, W. H. (2013). Organizational climate and culture. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 361-388.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143809 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143809
Schneider, B., González-Romá, V., Ostroff, C., & West, M. A. (2017). Organizational climate and culture: Reflections on the history of the constructs in the Journal of Applied Psychology. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 468.
https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000090 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000090
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580-607. https://doi.org/10.2307/256701 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/256701
Sendawula, K., Kisubi, M. K., Najjinda, S., Nantale, H., & Kabbera, S. (2023). The efficacy of entrepreneurial networking and innovation in fostering the performance of small businesses in Uganda. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(1), 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-023-00358-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-023-00358-0
Shanker, R., Bhanugopan, R., Heijden, B. I. J. M., & Farrell, M. (2017). Organizational climate for innovation and organizational performance: The mediating effect of innovative work behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 67-77.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.02.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.02.004
Song, D., & Shan, W. (2019). Influence of organizational atmosphere on employees' innovative behaviors: Mediating role of recessive knowledge sharing willingness. Journal of Beihua University, 20(6), 105-111.
Song, W., Wang, G. Z., & Ma, X. (2020). Environmental innovation practices and green product innovation performance: A perspective from organizational climate. Sustainable Development, 28(1), 224-234. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1990 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1990
Soto-Acosta, P., Popa, S., & Palacios-Marqués, D. (2017). Social web knowledge sharing and innovation performance in knowledge-intensive manufacturing SMEs. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42, 425-440.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-016-9498-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-016-9498-z
Sserunjogi, B., Sunday, N., Lakuma, P., & Kahunde, R. (2022). Employment and productivity of Uganda's SMEs in the face of COVID-19: A gender perspective. In Socioeconomic shocks and Africa's development agenda (pp. 123-134). Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003208358-12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003208358-12
Surya, B., Menne, F., Sabhan, H., Suriani, S., Abubakar, H., & Idris, M. (2021). Economic growth, increasing productivity of SMEs, and open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 20.
https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010020
Taştan, S. B., & Davoudi, S. M. M. (2017). The relationship between organisational climate and organisational innovativeness: Testing the moderating effect of individual values of power and achievement. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 12(4), 465-483. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIR.2017.082826 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIR.2017.082826
Turyatemba, C., Kamugisha, N., Kobusigye, P., & Ntirandekura, M. (2022). The effect of product quality on competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in South Western Uganda; Reflection on Kayonza Growers Tea Factory, in Kanungu District. International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research, 6(12), 152-159.
Ubius, Ü., Alas, R., & Elenurm, T. (2013). Impact of innovation climate on individual and organisational level factors in Asia and Europe. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 14(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.642081 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.642081
Uganda Bureau of Statistics. (2021). Statistical abstract. https://www.ubos.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/01_20222021_Statistical_Abstract.pdf
Uganda Manufacturers' Association Directory. (2024). As of May 21, 2024. https://uma.or.ug/download/uma-business-directory-2023/
Usman, F. O., Kess-Momoh, A. J., Ibeh, C. V., Elufioye, A. E., Ilojianya, V. I., & Oyeyemi, O. P. (2024). Entrepreneurial innovations and trends: A global review: Examining emerging trends, challenges, and opportunities in the field of entrepreneurship, with a focus on how technology and globalization are shaping new business ventures. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 11(1), 552-569. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.1.0079 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.1.0079
Visser, J. D., & Scheepers, C. B. (2022). Exploratory and exploitative innovation influenced by contextual leadership, environmental dynamism and innovation climate. European Business Review, 34(1), 127-152.
https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-07-2020-0180 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-07-2020-0180
Vuong, B. N., Tushar, H., & Hossain, S. F. A. (2023). The effect of social support on job performance through organizational commitment and innovative work behavior: Does innovative climate matter? Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 15(5), 832-854. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-06-2021-0256 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-06-2021-0256
Waheed, A., Miao, X., Waheed, S., Ahmad, N., & Majeed, A. (2019). How new HRM practices, organizational innovation, and innovative climate affect the innovation performance in the IT industry: A moderated-mediation analysis. Sustainability, 11(3), 621. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030621 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030621
Wang, P., Rode, J. C., Shi, K., Luo, Z., & Chen, W. (2013). A workgroup climate perspective on the relationships among transformational leadership, workgroup diversity, and employee creativity. Group & Organization Management, 38(3), 334-360. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601113488163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601113488163
West, M. A., & Richter, A. W. (2024). Climates and cultures for innovation and creativity at work. In Handbook of Organizational Creativity (pp. 211-236). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003573326-11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003573326-11
World Manufacturing Foundation. (2022). The 2022 world manufacturing report: Redesigning supply chains in the era of manufacturing. https://worldmanufacturing.org/report/report-2022-redesigning-supply-chains-in-the-new-era-of-manufacturing/
Yang, Z., Nguyen, V. T., & Le, P. B. (2018). Knowledge sharing serves as a mediator between collaborative culture and innovation capability: An empirical research. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 33(7), 958-969.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-10-2017-0245 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-10-2017-0245
Yue, S., Norkhairul, B. H., Khatib, S. F., & Lee, Y. (2024). Financing creativity: How state-owned and foreign ownership shape innovation engagement in China. Kybernetes. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-03-2024-0797 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/K-03-2024-0797
Zacher, H., & Rosing, K. (2015). Ambidextrous leadership and team innovation. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 36(1), 54-68.
https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-11-2012-0141 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-11-2012-0141
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 African Quarterly Social Science Review

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.












