The role of political parties’ women’s wings towards inclusive leadership in Tanzania

Abstract

Political parties' women's wings are established to promote women's political participation, leadership development, and representation in decision-making processes within political parties and national governance structures. Despite these efforts, women in Tanzania continue to be underrepresented in key leadership positions. This reflects persistent gender disparities within the political sphere. This study examines the role of political parties' women's wings in advancing inclusive leadership in Tanzania. Specifically, the study explored the status quo, functions, challenges and the untapped opportunities of political parties’ women’s wings in enhancing inclusive political leadership in Tanzania. Guided by Feminist Theory, the study employed qualitative research approach and a case study research design. The study’s population involved all women members of political parties which have women’s wings in Tanzania, whereby, sample of 72 respondents, gathered through purposive and snowball sampling techniques, were involved in data collection through interviews and focus group discussions. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze data. The study revealed that women’s wings were formally established in all political parties, with significant differences in their degree of institutionalization, operational capacity, and availability of resources. Besides, women’s wings continue to face persistent barriers such as patriarchal norms, inadequate resources, weak policy implementation, male-dominated gatekeeping, and sexualized stereotypes. The study recommends political parties in Tanzania, policymakers, and relevant stakeholders to strengthen women’s wings beyond symbolic representation by ensuring adequate financial resources, institutional autonomy, enforceable gender quotas, and meaningful inclusion of women in party decision-making structures.