Regionalism and the political economy of development in Kenya, 1962-2022

Abstract

Regionalism has been a significant aspect of Kenya’s political, economic, and social development, affecting resource distribution, political representation, access to public services, and regional economic opportunities. This study aimed to establish the effect of regionalism on the political economy of development in Kenya between 1962 and 2022. The research was conducted in Kenya, with evidence collected from regions that differed in their historical, political, and socio-economic development. The study applied Dependency Theory and Institutional Theory as a theoretical framework. The theories offered complementary perspectives that enhanced the understanding of historical issues of inequality, distribution of resources, and the role of political and governance institutions in regional development. A qualitative historical study design was selected for the research. The study targeted a population that consisted of individuals who had first-hand knowledge and experience of Kenya’s regional political and economic development. The population included political leaders, public officials, members of the community, and business people. A sample of 22 participants was selected from the target population using purposive and snowball sampling approaches. Archival records, oral interviews, focus group discussions, and secondary sources of information such as books, journals, theses, and government publications were used to gather evidence. The research applied thematic and historical data analysis techniques to review the trends of resource allocation and apply the lessons in regional development. The study examined ethical issues arising from the collection of data from participants who did not offer their work publicly. The research requested permission from relevant entities and provided verifiable information for use by participants who submitted their information with verifiable names. No confidentiality was applied when using information from historical sources. The study concluded that regionalism affected the distribution of resources and opportunities such as infrastructure, education, health, and economic development. However, Kenya’s new constitution and devolution will enable the country’s regions to develop equitably. The study recommends addressing the needs of the different regions based on their specific requirements to achieve sustainable development.